Every March, National Kidney Month serves as an urgent reminder of the importance of kidney health and the impact of kidney disease on hundreds of millions of people. With kidney disease affecting an estimated 37 million Americans and over 850 million people worldwide, raising awareness about prevention, early detection, and treatment options is vital. Understanding kidney disease, its causes, and available treatments can empower people to take steps to protect their health and support research efforts that may lead to better outcomes.

The Scope of Kidney Disease in the U.S. and Worldwide

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health issue that affects nearly 1 in 7 adults in the U.S., and about 90% of people with CKD are unaware they have it. Globally, kidney disease is the 10th leading cause of death, with millions suffering from its effects, often without a formal diagnosis. Kidney disease rates continue to rise due to such factors as diabetes, hypertension, and aging populations, making early detection and management more important than ever.

Kidney disease disproportionately affects certain populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Indigenous communities, who are at higher risk due to genetic factors and disparities in access to healthcare. Addressing these disparities through education, screenings, and equitable healthcare access is essential to reducing the burden of kidney disease worldwide.

The Importance and Benefits of Early Detection

Early detection of kidney disease can significantly slow its progression and improve long-term health outcomes. Since CKD often develops silently with no noticeable symptoms in its early stages, regular screenings are critical, especially for people with risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of kidney disease.

Routine blood and urine tests can help identify kidney disease before it reaches an advanced stage. Early intervention through lifestyle modifications, medications, and disease management strategies can help preserve kidney function and reduce the risk of complications, including kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and the need for dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Newly Diagnosed? Questions for Your Doctor

Receiving a kidney disease diagnosis can be overwhelming, but asking the right questions can help patients better understand their condition and take appropriate action. Key questions include:

• What stage of kidney disease do I have? Understanding the stage of CKD is crucial for determining the next steps in treatment.
• What is the cause of my kidney disease? Identifying the underlying cause helps guide treatment and management strategies.
• What lifestyle changes should I make? Diet, exercise, and other lifestyle modifications can play a significant role in managing CKD.
• Do I need to take medications, and what are their potential side effects? Medication can help control symptoms and slow disease progression, but patients should understand their options.
• How often should I have my kidney function monitored? Regular check-ups are essential for tracking changes in kidney function.
• What complications should I watch for? Being aware of potential complications allows patients to take preventative measures.
• Are there any specialists I should see? A nephrologist can provide expert guidance on kidney disease management.

Steps to Take After a Diagnosis

After receiving a CKD diagnosis, taking proactive steps can significantly improve health outcomes. Patients should:

• Follow a kidney-friendly diet. Reducing sodium, phosphorus, and protein intake can ease the burden on the kidneys. A renal dietitian can help you craft customized meal plans geared toward your personal needs and preferences.
• Manage underlying conditions. Controlling diabetes and hypertension can slow kidney disease progression.
• Stay physically active. Regular exercise supports overall health and cardiovascular function.
• Monitor kidney function regularly: Routine testing helps track disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.
• Avoid nephrotoxic substances: Certain medications, including NSAIDs, and excessive alcohol consumption can further damage the kidneys.
• Consider support groups or counseling: Living with CKD can be challenging, and emotional support is invaluable. You can find connection in the Community Chat by creating a free account with Responsum for CKD.

Types and Causes of Kidney Disease

Kidney disease is not a single condition but a collection of disorders affecting kidney function. The most common types include:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD). A progressive decline in kidney function, often due to diabetes or hypertension; older age is a factor; CKD is also used as an umbrella term for any chronic (long-term) kidney condition
• Acute kidney injury (AKI). A sudden loss of kidney function caused by infection, dehydration, or medications; can lead to chronic kidney disease if not properly treated
• Polycystic kidney disease (PKD). A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
• Glomerulonephritis. An inflammatory disease affecting the kidney’s filtering units (glomeruli), often due to infections or autoimmune conditions.
• Diabetic nephropathy. Kidney damage resulting from uncontrolled diabetes.
• Hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Kidney damage caused by chronic high blood pressure.

Determining the specific type of kidney disease is critical because treatment approaches vary significantly. For example, managing autoimmune-related kidney diseases often requires immunosuppressants, while CKD due to diabetes requires strict blood sugar control.

Existing and Experimental Treatments

Treatment for kidney disease depends on its cause, stage, and severity. Common treatment approaches include:

• Medications. Blood pressure medications (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs), diuretics, and phosphate binders help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
• Dialysis. In advanced kidney failure, dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) removes waste and excess fluids from the body.
• Kidney transplant. A kidney transplant is often the best option for those with end-stage kidney disease, offering a better quality of life than long-term dialysis.

Experimental and Emerging Treatments

Researchers are actively exploring new treatments to improve kidney disease outcomes. Some promising areas include:

• SGLT2 inhibitors. Originally developed for diabetes, these medications have shown significant benefits in slowing CKD progression.
• Gene therapy. Advances in gene editing techniques may help treat genetic kidney diseases like PKD.
• Bioengineered kidneys. Scientists are working on lab-grown kidneys and 3D-printed tissues to address organ transplant shortages. 
• Precision medicine. Personalized treatment approaches based on genetic and molecular profiles aim to improve effectiveness.

Ways to Participate in National Kidney Month

There are many ways to get involved and help raise awareness about kidney health:

• • Join a fundraising event. Participate in local walks, runs, or online campaigns supporting kidney disease research and awareness.
  • Share educational content. Use social media to spread information about kidney disease prevention and early detection.
  • Advocate for better policies. Contact lawmakers to support policies that improve kidney care and research funding.
  • Encourage screenings. Help friends and family understand the importance of getting tested for kidney disease.
  • Donate to kidney health organizations. Contributions help fund research, patient support, and educational initiatives.
  • Register for organ donation after death. You can do this when renewing your driver’s license; by registering with the national Donate Life registry; or through the Health Resources and Services Administration organ donor page. 

• Become a kidney donor. Many donors share that giving the gift of life is a win-win.

National Kidney Month is an opportunity to help save lives, reduce disability, and improve quality of life for millions of people. If we all choose and commit to even one or two activities to raise and spread awareness, we can be part of this positive change.